An Overview of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area

The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) was initially part of the Serengeti National Park, established in 1948 and implemented in 1951 to preserve its unique geographical and ecological features. In 1959, the two areas were separated into distinct Protected Areas with different conservation goals. NCA, recognized as one of Africa’s Seven Natural Wonders, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 due to its global significance in biodiversity conservation, housing endangered species, and supporting the annual migration of wildebeest, zebras, and other wildlife. Additionally, it holds immense cultural importance, offering insights into human evolution over nearly four million years.

Originally designed as a multi-use area, NCA allows wildlife to coexist with the semi-nomadic Maasai people, who move with their livestock in search of water and grazing land.

Natural and Cultural Assets in NCA

1. Ngorongoro Crater
2. Empakaai Crater
3. Olmoti Crater
4. The Northern Highland Forest Reserve
5. Endoro Waterfalls
6. Olduvai Gorge and Museum
7. Laetoli Footprints
8. Lolmalasin Mountain

Ngorongoro Crater

The Ngorongoro Crater is the world’s largest intact volcanic caldera and the main attraction in the area. Known for its breathtaking scenery and rich wildlife, it is home to over 25,000 animals, including the big five (elephants, buffaloes, rhinos, lions, and leopards). The crater’s unique mix of habitats—grasslands, swamps, rivers, and woodlands—supports diverse wildlife and vegetation.

Geologically, the crater formed 2.5 million years ago when a massive volcano collapsed. It spans 260 square kilometers and reaches a depth of 610 meters.

Tourism Activities

1. Game Drives: A chance to see the Big Five and other species like zebras and wildebeests.
2. Bird Watching: Over 500 bird species, including flamingos and ostriches.
3. Cultural Tours: Visit Maasai villages to learn about their traditional lifestyle.
4. Hiking and Walking Safaris: Enjoy views from the crater rim or hike through the Empakaai and Olmoti Craters.
5. Olduvai Gorge Visit: Explore one of the world’s most important archaeological sites.
6. Photography and Picnics: The stunning landscapes and wildlife make it a photographer’s paradise.
7. Crater Rim Walks: Guided walks offering panoramic views.

Accommodations

1. Ngorongoro Serena Safari Lodge: A luxury lodge with panoramic crater views.
2. Ngorongoro Crater Lodge: A high-end lodge combining luxury and African design.
3. Rhino Lodge: Affordable and eco-friendly, located on the crater rim.
4. Camping: Various campsites offer budget options.
5. Lemala Ngorongoro Tented Camp: A more intimate, safari-style experience.

Best Time to Visit

The dry season (June to October) is ideal for game viewing, but the crater is a year-round destination due to its permanent water sources, which keep the wildlife in the area throughout the year.

Ngorongoro Crater, with its rich wildlife, cultural heritage, and stunning landscapes, remains one of Tanzania's most visited and iconic locations.